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The world's core Jewish population in early 2014 was estimated at 14.2 million people (around 0.2% of the world population). While dozens of countries host at least a small Jewish population, the community is concentrated in a handful: Israel and the United States account for 83% of the Jewish population, while a total of 18 countries host 98%.〔 With just over 6 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish majority and explicitly Jewish state. Jewish population figures for the United States are contested, ranging between 5.7 and 6.8 million. (The core global total of Jews jumps above 15 million if the highest American estimates are assumed). Other countries with a significant Jewish population are, like Israel and the US, typically well-developed OECD members with Jews concentrated in major urban centers.〔 In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million (0.8% of the global population). Because of the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million in 1945.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World Jewish Population - Latest Statistics )〕 The population grew again to around 13 million by the 1970s, but has since recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation. Since 2005, the world's Jewish population has been growing modestly at a rate of around 0.78% (in 2013). This increase primarily reflects the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Haredi Orthodox account for bulk of Jewish population growth in New York City - Nation )〕 Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposes an "extended" Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents, that numbers 17.2 million globally. His "enlarged" Jewish population figure further includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households and totals 20.1 million. Finally, the total number of people who hold or are eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return — defined as anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent, and who does not actively profess any other religion — is estimated at around 22.9 million, of which 6.4 million are currently living in Israel. Figures for these expanded categories are naturally less precise than for the core Jewish population.〔 No reliable figures exist for the number of crypto-Jews. ==Recent trends== Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in countries of the diaspora. The Jewish population of Israel has increased more than tenfold since the country's inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 today while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.〔 Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution. The overall growth rate of this group is 1.7% annually.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Israel National News )〕 The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.〔 Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (referred to as aliyah in the country). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s〔(Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation ) - Mark Tolts.〕 and immigration growth has been steady in the low tens of thousands since then.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Immigration to Israel by Year )〕 Globally, only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have shown a positive recent Jewish migration balance outside of Israel. In general, the anglosphere has seen its share of the diaspora increase since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Demography )〕 France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, between 500,000 and 600,000 people,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=La communauté juive de France compte 550.000 personnes, dont 25.000 à Toulouse )〕 but has shown an increasingly negative trend, including the largest emigration loss to Israel in 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=France tops list for Jewish emigration to Israel )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish population by country」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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